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Dear students, lesson number 4.

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Last week we explained many things
about higher education and I also

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asked you to analyse a graph.

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It's very important for you to
do this exercise.

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The reason why is that for your
assessment, your midterm exam,

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I'm planning to give you a graph
that you will have to analyse.

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So this one was about higher education
and unemployment.

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There is a methodology I would
like you to adopt.

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First, when you have a graph like this,
I would like you to start with

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the introduction.

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So for me, the introduction should
be composed of three different points.

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First, you have mention of course
the title and tell us which type

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of document it is and also when
it was published, when it was released

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and the source.

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I would like you also to tell very
briefly what the document is about.

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So which means altogether there
are five things I would like you

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to mention.

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I'm going to repeat them.

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The first one is the title,
second is the type of document,

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third is when it was released and
number four the source and number

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five the type of document it is.

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If you want to add one more,
you can say just one sentence about what

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it is about.

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Roughly, I'm just going to evaluate
you on five different points just

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for the introduction and then you
have to, after your introduction,

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you will have to start the analysis.

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The analysis is based on, composed
of three parts which means that

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each paragraph should be composed
of three parts.

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I would like you to start with
a sentence that's going to be your

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Topic sentence and then a supporting
sentence or some supporting sentences

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and a closing sentence.

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Now I'm going to explain what we
understand by topic sentence.

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A topic sentence should be just
a statement giving, telling what

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this document is telling us.

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The supporting sentences are going
to be composed of all the details,

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the figures that appear in the
document.

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So this is when you are going to
put the percentages and all the

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things for your analysis and the

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closing sentence as the word of,
the name says it,

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it is just here to close the paragraph.

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So which means that each paragraph
you are going to be writing for

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your analysis is going to be composed
of five, let's say three parts.

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The topic sentence, the supporting
sentence or sometimes you can add

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more than one supporting sentence,
sentences and then a closing sentence.

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How do you get the analysis right?

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I have a technique for that,
I'm going to give it to you.

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What I do when I have a graph in
front of me, I'm asking myself this

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question, I ask myself this question,
what is the most striking?

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What is the most shocking?

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Very often the most shocking or
the issue appears in the colour

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if you've got a graph with colours.

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So be very careful with that,
pay attention to the colours and

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the colour that is the most obvious
is where the issue is,

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this is what you will have to
deal with.

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So it is very important for your midterm
that is coming very soon,

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the analysis of a graph.

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I'm going to give you the answer
of the graph we had,

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the graph I gave you last time,
because the title was the unemployment

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rate in the United States from
1992 to 2020 by level of education.

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For this graph the most obvious
colour was the blue curve.

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So we can say, we could have said
a sentence like this,

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this graph tells us with those

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with no higher education diploma
tend to be harder hit by unemployment,

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especially in times of crisis.

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That could have been your supporting
sentence for this exercise.

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Then for the supporting sentence
you could have said: effectively,

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if in 2010 the unemployment rate

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for those who had no higher education
diploma was or reached 15%.

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For those with higher education
certificates from University,

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it was only 5%" and these are your
supporting sentences and then you

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just finish your paragraph with
a closing sentence, a kind of

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conclusion or an opening towards
the next paragraph.

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I just hope that you understood it all,
do not hesitate to send me messages

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if that is not clear.