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So today we are going to carry
on with the evolution of journalism

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and how it is learned in the different
institutions.

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So it seems that the biggest market
today for journalism education is,

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of course, Asia, with countries
such as Japan, China.

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And it seems that there,
those who are more attracted to

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this kind of training,
to this kind of profession,

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are more the elite.

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So here we see a clear contrast
with what was the case in the past.

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In the past, we all saw last time
that it was more the working class.

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And now in China, where it is very
fashionable now to become a journalist,

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it seems that it is the elite that
is more attracted.

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In the document I sent you,
you will see on page 16 and 17

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that also the United States and

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Germany are mentioned.

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And it seems that what appears
is that those who go for the training

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or for the profession of journalism,
in most cases they have a first degree.

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So we can say that now it is required
to have a first degree to become

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a journalist, even though they
do not always have a first degree

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in journalism.

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It is even a minority,
just 13% in Germany and, 13% in

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the United States and 10% in the
United States really have a first

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degree in journalism.

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So it is a minority.

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It means that what happens in most
cases, they have a first degree

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in any other subject and they decide
to become journalists.

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Another thing we notice is that
all those who study journalism

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and communication do not end up
as journalists, just a minority

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of them end up as journalists.

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So this is the first remark we can make.

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Another thing is that when we look
at the history of journalism education,

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we see that it is more an American
creation.

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It was created in the United States
in the second half of the 19th century.

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And there are some key names for that.

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I'm going to give some of them.

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And what you also notice is that
it started with reporting.

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It started with reporting and then
this is why the version we have

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today of, let's say,
news journalism becomes more from

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reporting.

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I'm going to give you some few names.

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The few names I'm going to give,
I'm going to give the name of Robert

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E. Lee.

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He was a military man.

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He took part in the Second,
in the Secession War.

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And his contribution to the profession
of, to the education of journalism

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was that he created one of the
first institutions where people

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could go and learn about journalism.

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Another name, and maybe this is
to me the most important name,

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is Pulitzer, Joseph Pulitzer.

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His contribution is that he gave
the money, he gave his own money,

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for the training of the future
journalists.

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So he cared a lot about the knowledge
of journalists because they were

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coming from working-class families.

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And he wanted them to have more

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knowledge about other things,
more cultural knowledge about other

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things and be very educated.

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So this is for Joseph Pulitzer.

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We have other names such as,
we have other names such as,

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I'm going to find a name.

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Willard Bleyer.

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So Willard Bleyer is very important
as well in terms of Landmark.

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Bleyer is the first half of the
20th century.

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The first half of the 20th century
and the reason why is because he

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integrated communication,

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he brought communication within
the training.

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And also two institutions,
two very important institutions

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that are going to regulate that
profession.