1
00:00:05,800 --> 00:00:11,020
For this last session I'm not going
to give you any exercise I'm just

2
00:00:11,220 --> 00:00:14,480
going to make this video and this
video is going to be composed of

3
00:00:14,680 --> 00:00:20,660
two parts the first part is going
to be on what I was trying to explain

4
00:00:20,860 --> 00:00:24,700
last week I'm going to just carry
on and the second part will be

5
00:00:24,900 --> 00:00:30,800
a kind of correction of the assessment I gave
you two weeks ago so let's carry

6
00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:35,780
on with what I was trying to explain
last week last week I was saying

7
00:00:35,980 --> 00:00:42,800
that in the 21st century the battle

8
00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:51,120
to become the super superpower
in the world will be on the capacity

9
00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:59,220
of the different countries to master,
to control, eh media, communication

10
00:00:59,420 --> 00:01:09,640
and media communication and information
so one of the main tools here is

11
00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:16,400
obviously the internet okay those
who will have the control and the

12
00:01:16,600 --> 00:01:22,400
power domination in, with the internet

13
00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:29,640
we obviously have political power
economic power but also military

14
00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:37,440
power and for this one we have
to look at Elon Musk Elon Musk

15
00:01:37,640 --> 00:01:46,020
Elon Musk is this businessman and also investor
he is from South Africa but

16
00:01:46,220 --> 00:01:53,880
he's also a Canadian nationality
passport and he is very well known

17
00:01:54,080 --> 00:02:04,760
for his company which is SpaceX
what he does is that he's got his

18
00:02:04,960 --> 00:02:11,160
satellites we Starlink that is

19
00:02:11,360 --> 00:02:17,720
used by many countries so he has
the possibility to get information

20
00:02:17,920 --> 00:02:23,160
on different things and it is through

21
00:02:23,360 --> 00:02:30,660
his satellites that many countries
have the possibility to get information

22
00:02:30,860 --> 00:02:37,400
to better control their country
that territory and so on. So this

23
00:02:37,600 --> 00:02:42,520
is very problematic because now
it seems that it is one person

24
00:02:42,720 --> 00:02:52,320
who has the control of information
and it means that many countries

25
00:02:52,520 --> 00:03:01,700
rely on him and are kind of kind
of depend on him when we look at

26
00:03:01,900 --> 00:03:06,000
Elon Musk the way he is appreciated
And the way he's looked at in the

27
00:03:06,200 --> 00:03:10,020
West there is a big question mark
people find it very difficult to

28
00:03:10,220 --> 00:03:14,380
deal with him especially when it
comes to his position regarding

29
00:03:14,580 --> 00:03:20,760
the war in Ukraine he's very close
and very soft with the Russians

30
00:03:20,960 --> 00:03:24,540
there are many issues and he's
got very strong link with China

31
00:03:24,740 --> 00:03:29,640
as well so of course he is from
the West but at the same time his

32
00:03:29,840 --> 00:03:34,920
position regarding certain issues
such as the relationship between

33
00:03:35,120 --> 00:03:41,160
the West and Russia is the relationship
between China and the West his

34
00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:47,200
position is not very clear in these
different domains. So what we have

35
00:03:47,400 --> 00:03:57,140
to understand is that we are entering
a new era with maybe a new world

36
00:03:57,340 --> 00:04:04,180
order emerging and the battle and

37
00:04:04,380 --> 00:04:10,160
the challenge and what many countries
will have to look at just to make

38
00:04:10,360 --> 00:04:16,360
sure that they are, they remain part
of the leaders of this world is

39
00:04:16,560 --> 00:04:22,200
the control of information and that has to

40
00:04:22,400 --> 00:04:29,560
go through the mastering of satellites

41
00:04:29,760 --> 00:04:36,320
I think we finished with this text
I invite you to read the text I'm

42
00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:43,840
going to send you you have no question
it's just a text that should help

43
00:04:44,040 --> 00:04:49,260
you to better understand what I've
been trying to explain right here

44
00:04:49,460 --> 00:04:56,720
I'm going to you go to the assessment
I gave you two weeks ago so the

45
00:04:56,920 --> 00:05:00,620
assessment I gave you you had different
questions there were questions

46
00:05:00,820 --> 00:05:05,380
on the different topics we had
the chance to cover during the

47
00:05:05,580 --> 00:05:10,020
semester the first question was
about the Watergate the Watergate

48
00:05:10,220 --> 00:05:19,680
so we've got to go back to 1973
and this is when it involves Nixon

49
00:05:19,880 --> 00:05:27,280
President Nixon and he had to resign
and the thing is that it was during

50
00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:34,000
the war in Vietnam many people
were getting killed and he was

51
00:05:34,200 --> 00:05:38,760
scared he didn't want Americans
to know about it and he started

52
00:05:38,960 --> 00:05:44,060
to spy on the Democrats and that

53
00:05:44,260 --> 00:05:54,260
was revealed and because of that
he was very close to be impeached

54
00:05:54,460 --> 00:06:01,140
impeached this is a very important
term it's part of the American

55
00:06:01,340 --> 00:06:07,880
Constitution which says that there's
the possibility for a president

56
00:06:08,080 --> 00:06:12,860
to be impeached which means that
the president can be removed from

57
00:06:13,060 --> 00:06:20,240
his position if he's recognized
guilty of of a crime he should

58
00:06:20,440 --> 00:06:25,060
not have committed. Question
number two or the second question

59
00:06:25,260 --> 00:06:31,240
was about what was the fairness doctrine
and here what I wanted to, you to

60
00:06:31,440 --> 00:06:42,620
tell is that the fairness doctrine
of 1949 means that both sides have

61
00:06:42,820 --> 00:06:47,800
to be represented in a debate in
a TV show for example or on the

62
00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:55,820
radio so this is what it was about
so it means that in terms of political

63
00:06:56,020 --> 00:07:02,680
debates both sides are represented
have the the possibility to make

64
00:07:02,880 --> 00:07:10,700
their opinions known the third
question, I was asking you to give

65
00:07:10,900 --> 00:07:17,960
me and explain two innovations
that revolutionalized the profession

66
00:07:18,160 --> 00:07:24,020
of journalism you could have mentioned
the printing the printing machine

67
00:07:24,220 --> 00:07:29,320
and of course the internet so yes
yeah there were different possibilities

68
00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:38,160
for this one and just two of them
was enough for me and then you

69
00:07:38,360 --> 00:07:44,180
had a third question which was
what is the similarity between

70
00:07:44,380 --> 00:07:49,500
journalism and academic work the
similarity is of course in terms

71
00:07:49,700 --> 00:07:55,320
of research it requires some research

72
00:07:55,520 --> 00:08:00,480
to write an article or to produce

73
00:08:00,680 --> 00:08:06,220
something in terms of communication
and that is the same when it comes

74
00:08:06,420 --> 00:08:11,760
to academic work okay so you have

75
00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:17,940
your sources and you've got to
check your sources as well and

76
00:08:18,140 --> 00:08:22,540
just to make sure that there are
reliable sources so this is the

77
00:08:22,740 --> 00:08:29,660
similarity I was referring to. For
the text you had to and this is

78
00:08:29,860 --> 00:08:34,380
the second part of the exercise
first part of the exercise was

79
00:08:34,580 --> 00:08:40,260
vocabulary or definitions from
the different courses we had and

80
00:08:40,460 --> 00:08:45,880
the second part was about it was
a document I was asking you to

81
00:08:46,080 --> 00:08:52,160
read and to analyze and the title
of this document was "Why trust

82
00:08:52,360 --> 00:08:58,560
mainstream media" so this article

83
00:08:58,760 --> 00:09:06,320
two major things were mentioned
or they were referring to major

84
00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:12,160
they were referring to two
major things in this article the

85
00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:19,540
first one was is the Grenfell fire
I'm going to explain this one. And the second one

86
00:09:19,740 --> 00:09:26,300
was the Brexit. the Grenfell fire
this is very close to, it is something

87
00:09:26,500 --> 00:09:36,620
that happened in 2017 in Britain
in London when let's say a block

88
00:09:36,820 --> 00:09:44,320
where people lived, it's part of
what we call council flats which

89
00:09:45,120 --> 00:09:49,400
where, the equivalent of what we
have in the French system with

90
00:09:49,600 --> 00:09:55,180
the HLM, where you have more the
working class living there and

91
00:09:55,380 --> 00:10:03,180
this big block was set on fire
and many people died and this event

92
00:10:03,380 --> 00:10:10,120
is very much compared to what we
had in France in 2005 with what

93
00:10:10,320 --> 00:10:18,040
is known as l'incendie du boulevard
Auriol I'm just going to check my

94
00:10:18,240 --> 00:10:26,180
notes, Vincent Auriol, du Boulevard Vincent Auriol. 

95
00:10:26,380 --> 00:10:32,120
so which mean that this is something
that disappointed many people many

96
00:10:32,320 --> 00:10:37,720
people were killed and in this
text the text I gave you for

97
00:10:37,920 --> 00:10:45,240
your assessment the reproach was
that many people knew about the

98
00:10:45,440 --> 00:10:52,080
condition of of the building they
knew that there were some risks and

99
00:10:52,280 --> 00:11:00,960
nothing was done that's the first
thing and the media did not really

100
00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:05,720
tell the truth, the mainstream media
did not really tell the truth and

101
00:11:05,920 --> 00:11:12,280
This is what disturbed many citizens
especially the working class. Regarding

102
00:11:12,480 --> 00:11:21,980
Brexit, same thing they had a referendum
in 2016 those who were in Britain

103
00:11:22,180 --> 00:11:28,620
knew that the vast majority of
the population were in favor of

104
00:11:28,820 --> 00:11:34,760
leaving the EU but on mainstream
media we know that the interest

105
00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:40,500
of many politicians was to remain

106
00:11:40,700 --> 00:11:48,700
within the European Union, so here
they had the feeling or the writer

107
00:11:48,900 --> 00:11:57,100
has the feeling that the truth
was not said. So you could comment

108
00:11:57,300 --> 00:12:04,140
on these documents using these
two points here the fact that of

109
00:12:04,340 --> 00:12:13,380
course it is mainly in social media
that we have fake news but it is

110
00:12:13,580 --> 00:12:21,260
sometimes a mistake not to look
at things that are not correct

111
00:12:21,460 --> 00:12:37,420
in mainstream news, when the truth is either hidden or not told, directly and globally

112
00:12:37,620 --> 00:12:44,860
told, so these are two things
we could focus on when commenting

113
00:12:45,060 --> 00:12:52,700
on these documents so of course
what I wanted to see in your commentaries

114
00:12:52,900 --> 00:13:02,060
is very clear paragraphs, okay,
presentation of the documents and

115
00:13:02,960 --> 00:13:11,580
then the two or three points you
you have decided to deal with okay

116
00:13:11,780 --> 00:13:18,520
which means: mainstream media not telling

117
00:13:18,720 --> 00:13:23,820
the truth or hiding part of the

118
00:13:24,020 --> 00:13:29,760
truth and of course if you knew
about the situation with the brexit

119
00:13:29,960 --> 00:13:35,240
or even with with the Grenfell

120
00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:42,500
fire yeah you could also deal with
that and explain a bit more the situation

121
00:13:42,700 --> 00:13:49,200
thank you for listening and see

122
00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:54,480
you next time, in the next, in the

123
00:13:54,680 --> 00:13:55,800
second semester thank you very